題:
如何回答我四歲的孩子,問我小時候她在哪里以及她如何進入肚子?
Aquarius_Girl
2017-06-29 09:17:34 UTC
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My 4-year-old daughter knows that she was in my tummy and then the doctor took her out. She saw my childhood photos and asked me where she was at that time.She has also asked me how she got in my tummy. She cannot understand the meaning of "not existing".

How do I answer these questions?

“我4歲的孩子無法理解“不存在”的含義。” -我敢打賭她可以。請她用磚塊蓋房子(例如樂高積木)。然後把磚塊扔掉。在蓋房子之前先問她房子在哪裡,再問她現在在哪裡。
@AakashM提醒我https://xkcd.com/659/
@TobiasKienzler正是我在想的,儘管我認識到並不是每個人都像我一樣[物理學家](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicalism),而且我不想踩腳趾...
無論您做什麼,都不要讓孩子問Cortana / Siri / Google“如何養嬰兒”。
根據我對童年的回憶,我可以假設您的女儿知道她最近才剛出生。她可能正在嘗試確定這種情況的發生方式和時間。我記得四歲左右,並且知道我的父母比我大,並且父母照顧我,但我不知道我怎麼或為什麼和他們住在一起。您的女兒不知道這些照片是多久前拍攝的(由於她不知道人們的年齡,因此無法從您的出現來判斷)。因此,她不知道她是否應該期望自己看到他們。
@AakashM,很好,理解某些外部對象的“不存在”狀態的概念與理解“不存在”自我的概念完全不同。我什至認為人類意識在任何年齡都無法做到。
_“我4歲的孩子無法理解'不存在'的含義。” _赫克,今年30歲,我自己幾乎無法理解。整個宗教圍繞這個問題如雨後春筍般湧現。超過千年!
評論不作進一步討論;此對話已[移至聊天](http://chat.stackexchange.com/rooms/61474/discussion-on-question-by-aquarius-girl-pre-schooler-wants-to-know-where-she-是)。
跨過這個(舊的)xkcd並想到了這個問題,也許第一行會幫助您:https://xkcd.com/659/
十二 答案:
MAA
2017-06-29 10:32:44 UTC
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我傾向於認為某些事實總是最好的。當我兒子問這個問題時,我用一個水果類比:就像蘋果長在樹上一樣,嬰兒在媽媽的肚子上長大;就像沒有蘋果開始生長之前一樣,沒有嬰兒也沒有開始生長之前。我可能會略過觸發嬰兒開始成長的確切原因:),並補充說,嬰兒只能在成年女孩中成長,就像蘋果只能從樹上成長一樣。

她的問題是“小時候我在哪裡?”
我會告訴她真相,她還沒有出生-她那時還不存在。就像蘋果在樹上長大之前一樣,沒有蘋果。它不存在。
我4歲的孩子無法理解“不存在”的含義。
我懂了。我認為這對我3歲的孩子大有幫助,我們觀看了YouTube上一些關於種子生長植物的視頻-看到基本上什麼都沒有了,然後隨著時間的流逝而逐漸流行起來。零/什麼都不存在/不存在的概念很難。
@MAA從技術上講,這種種子比較非常接近現實,因為當一個女孩出生時,她已經有了所有的卵。
-1
@le_daim但是,植物並不是“生來有種子”的:它們在需要時就可以生長種子。 (當然,植物不是“出生”的,但是例如,當植物首先從地下推出並長出第一片葉子時,它沒有種子。它們後來被種植。)
@DavidRicherby le_daim的觀點是,當母親出生時,從技術上講,孩子已經在她體內作為種子了。因此,對孩子的問題的答案將是“您是還沒有長出來的種子”或類似的東西(用雞蛋代替,從技術上講更正確)。
-1
anongoodnurse
2017-06-29 20:35:10 UTC
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It's difficult to understand what children are actually seeking as an answer when they ask a question such as this. Since parents know the whole story, it's a challenge to tease out just enough information to satisfy the child without overburdening them. Asking some questions of them about what they think (maybe talking about other species) might give you an idea of what they are actually asking.

Most children understand eggs. Almost everything we can see comes from an egg of some kind: insects, birds, turtle, all mammals, etc. It should not be hard to show her a video of, say, a turtle laying eggs and then the hatchlings coming out of the shell.

All these animals have the eggs inside of them long before before they grow old enough to start having babies/laying eggs. When the mother is old enough, the eggs are incubated (inside or outside of the body) and develop into what they are meant to become. You have human baby eggs inside of you in a special place in your tummy. That's where she was before she was in the part of your tummy where babies grow until they are born. She was always safe and warm there before she grew into a baby.

I told this to my youngest son when he asked, at about your daughter's age. He asked me if his shell was hard or soft. I answered, "Soft". That night in his prayers and for many nights after, he started his prayers with, "Dear God, Thank you that I'm not a smooshy egg." Somehow this idea disturbed him. So, less than we think is often better with kids.

非常感謝您讓我知道“真相”:即使我還是嬰兒的時候,我也不知道她實際上在我體內。 http://www.butterflybirth.com/how-many-eggs-is-a-female-human-born-with/
評論不作進一步討論;此對話已[移至聊天](http://chat.stackexchange.com/rooms/61605/discussion-on-answer-by-anongoodnurse-pre-schooler-wants-to-know-where-she-was- w)。
threetimes
2017-06-29 11:57:54 UTC
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This is going to be somewhat subjective based on your own beliefs & what you want to instill in her. My own mother believes we are in heaven with God before birth, so that is the story I was told. I told my children, that I truly do not know where they were, because I don't know that I have a strong belief on it. I told them that their body wasn't made yet, but as far as their spirit I cannot say since I don't recall anything before age 3, and they don't recall, so there is no way to know.

By 4 my children have all known how a baby comes out. So when I am asked by a child too young to actually grasp things like an egg that is so small you can't see it with the human eye, I stick with simple responses like "You went in the same way you came out". At this sort of age, that has seemed to be enough. I also often ask them questions versus filling in blanks. We watch videos with human birth (as I want them to see it as normal & not gross - so far, so good). I also have them watch videos on fish reproduction & we own fish. I think that helps them to see what is happening because it all takes place externally, but in many ways no so differently than how it does for humans. When "the time" came to actually talk, by them my kids had figured it out on their own really. I mean, my youngest is 3, so not yet for her, but by 6 my others already deduced that the man makes sperm & puts that inside you & I didn't even have to go into details, as I had slowly shown them enough info for them to sort it out. It's not that I don't want to tell them. it's that I recall being told & having it feel so confusing as I had no context. I think for my kids it's never felt confusing or surprising as it's a conclusion they came to through many small talks.

And if you have done the best you can to simplify it & she says she doesn't understand, just reassure her that it's okay not to understand. That in life some concepts are so big they are hard to understand & sometimes impossible to understand. Realistically I do not really seem to understand the concept of infinity. I can't wrap my head around the idea that space could go on "forever". The human mind only really grasps things that start & stop. I can't grasp being indifferent to suffering, but so many people are. I can't explain those things to my kids. I've been asked. I've tried. We have had to just agree we all, as a family, do not understand indifference to suffering. We won't always be able to grasp all things, even when we are fully grown. So you just do the best you can to explain it the way you understand it, and then show your human side that to them, that you too struggle at times to grasp certain things.

好答案。我同意可以告訴孩子您也不理解。那可能是進行良好討論的開始。
從技術上講,您可以用肉眼看到人類卵細胞。它正好在我們可以解決的最小問題的邊緣,但它們的直徑通常為0.12毫米。只是您通常沒有一個很好的機會去看一個。
有趣的洗牌劑..謝謝。我懷疑我是否能看到它……我似乎什至看不到我的鑰匙,除非它們正好位於我期望的位置。 ;) 呵呵
我擔心如果我說“您以出門的方式走出去”之類的話,孩子會認為她的母親吞下了某種藥,然後她突然從母親的嘴裡彈出。
當我說@dawood,時,我的孩子們已經出生了,所以對我來說,他們根本就不會擔心自己的嘴巴受累了。如果孩子還沒到出生的地步,那麼是的,那將是一種無所適從的解釋方式,因為您是在沒有上下文的情況下對其進行解釋的。
magerber
2017-06-29 21:10:27 UTC
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當您談論您的孩子在您小的時候不了解他們的位置時,我立即想到的是伯爵(Piaget)對孩子的實驗以及他們何時可以開始理解抽象概念。互聯網上有很多關於伯爵的好東西,但是本文做了很好的總結,以一種似乎特別適合以下問題的方式進行了總結:

在術前階段(Piaget說它從2歲開始持續到大約7歲),孩子們開始能夠理解符號...。另一方面,他們不了解量,速度,或重量。在伯爵最著名的實驗之一中,他表明,這個階段的孩子們無法理解,如果您將液體從短而寬的玻璃杯倒入高而窄的玻璃杯中,那麼它的數量還是一樣。

我認為您的女兒只是在演示皮亞傑關於孩子如何難以理解抽象的理論。我認為您最好的選擇是找出最適合您自己的信念的解釋-類似於“您是一堆能量在天空中等待著,直到您出生的時候”或“您與上帝同在,直到您準備好成為媽媽的肚子為止”或“您的原子是其他事物的一部分,直到他們都決定聚集在一起形成您。”

這些建議對我來說似乎都很笨拙,但希望它們能使您開始思考可以告訴自己的孩子與您的信仰體系相適應的事情,並可以幫助她做出一些具體的解釋,這將有幫助直到她真正能夠理解更抽象的解釋之前,她都會感到自在。

編輯後添加:對於這個問題的其他答案,您還可以告訴女兒很多不錯的建議。因此,請考慮我的回答,更多是為了回答您的孩子為何難以理解這一點,而不是如何更好地回答。

關於伯爵(Piaget)作品的警告:觀察到某事“確實發生”某種特定方式對它“必須”以這種方式發生或“不可能”以其他方式發生具有零影響。例如,所有有關兒童神童的數據都必須丟棄,以使伯爵理論得到普遍應用。 (續)
(續)我親眼看到與鏈接文章中“不能”陳述相抵觸的證據。它可能是指導預期的有用信息,但對智力因素的缺乏理解*不足以**隨意增加智力***,這就像中世紀觀察到的刺傷貫穿死亡的各個階段。對細菌理論和感染原因的認識缺乏,這些知識已經完全掌握,使人們能夠加快,減速,停止或逆轉感染階段。
對許多研究的一個普遍誤解是,它們“表示普遍適用”,而只是表示一個連續的信息,通常沿著鐘形曲線落下。我之所以引用伯爵(Piaget),是因為OP的許多答案都涉及試圖幫助她的女兒理解抽象的東西,我想指出的是,她的女兒在這個年齡可能根本無法理解抽象。
Pere
2017-06-29 21:28:18 UTC
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I think that there are two problems here.

The first problem are the details of human reproduction: that can be solved by telling the truth or by telling an appropriate tale - my choice was telling the truth or most of it, but that is a matter of preference.

The second (and most unexpected) problem is the idea of non existence and it's a lot harder. One of my daughters had a hard time understanding that at some point in time she wasn't anywhere. That might be related to the difficulty of young children understanding time-related concepts that adults take for granted - and she had difficulties with some of those concepts, too. However, I think this was also influenced by the feeling of being excluded: knowing about a time enjoyed by all the family excluding her but interestingly including her older sister could have been disappointing enough to reject the whole idea of not existing.

The second problem is harder to solve because there isn't much to tell about where she was when she was nowhere. The good part is that it's a problem that solves itself with time when the child grows enough to get the concept of not existing - at least my daughter did, and as far as I can remember it didn't happen much later than 4 years old, or maybe earlier.

TOOGAM
2017-07-01 08:30:26 UTC
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巧克力牛奶來自哪裡?

巧克力牛奶是一種組合。在所有需要的部分都可用之前,它不存在。合併所需的部分,然後進行其餘的“巧克力牛奶製作過程”(又稱為“攪拌”)。

嬰兒從哪裡來?他們成長。首先,從細胞開始。細胞是如此之小,以至於甚至都看不到。有些細胞是爸爸細胞,有些是媽媽細胞。然後,合併所需的部分(單元),然後開始其餘的創建過程。這並不需要太多的攪動,但是確實需要很多 增長 。小小的小嬰兒 成長 。然後 成長 。並且 增長 增長 增長 。 / p>

大約9個月後,嬰兒出生了。在此之前,嬰兒可能尚未準備好呼吸空氣。九個月後,嬰兒已經足夠大,可以呼吸空氣並進食了,所以嬰兒可以從媽媽身邊出來了。然後,嬰兒可以看到世界。對媽媽來說,在嬰兒大到足以出生後也不必總是一直抱著嬰兒 all 也是一件好事。但是,即使那樣,嬰兒仍然沒有 成長 。嬰兒變成了孩子,並且仍然保持 成長 ,直到孩子長大。

我們去做些巧克力牛奶。

>
作為成年人,我們知道有些細節我們不願討論。如果我們專注於另一個方面,例如成長,那麼孩子可能不會專注於這些細節。要么;您可以說:“媽媽和爸爸如何結合細胞是您以後要學習的東西。您現在不能這樣做。您的年齡沒有人是父母。就像您在上大學,結婚之前需要長大一些一樣,或者了解起火或駕駛汽車,這是人們以後可以做的事情,就像其他事情一樣,當您長大一些後,您將學到更多。與此同時,期待長大。
Chris Johns
2017-06-30 23:25:24 UTC
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重要的是要記住,幼兒沒有像成年人那樣與性相關的文化包and,我建議,如果您的孩子足夠大,可以提出問題,那麼他們也足夠大,可以得到正確的答案。

同樣,如果孩子在對性工作原理有一定了解的情況下進入青春期,那麼當他們開始更加困惑地了解自己的身體工作方式時,他們可能會度過一段輕鬆得多的時光。 p>

此外,她對問題的表述方式與事實相距不遠,因為女性確實確實擁有了她們將要出生的所有“卵子”,所以這可能是一個有用的事實,可以使你垂死解釋。因此,以她是由母親和父親平等組成的“新人”來解釋它可能會有所幫助。

顯然,這是一個可能令人尷尬的話題,但我建議現在這是一個減少尷尬的處理時間,待會兒再待。

正如其他人所建議的,例如魚的繁殖可能是引入基本生物學的好方法,例如通過自然紀錄片。

擁有一本關於該主題的好書,以科學為重點的書,並與她一起閱讀,可能也不是壞主意。

值得一提的是,她遲早會發現有關性的信息,因此您現在有機會控制第一次出現的性行為。

我的經驗是,即使是很小的孩子,即使他們沒有完全掌握事實信息,通常也能很好地掌握事實信息。半真相和影射讓他們感到困擾,因為他們說這不太合情理,但他們不明白為什麼。

這似乎是一個非常合理的答案,+ 1。為什麼要投票?
Richard Irons
2017-07-03 16:13:37 UTC
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我兒子四歲時,他在問這樣的問題。我告訴他,我們拿了一塊很小的木乃伊,和一塊很小的爸爸,然後我們做了一個很小的小嬰兒,甚至沒有豌豆那麼大。他從媽咪的肚子開始,小到你甚至都看不到他,而且他每天都變得更大(他種下了種子,每天澆水,看著它長大,從而學會了“每天更大”) 。

當他太大以致無法再容納木乃伊的肚子時,他會通過她的陰道出來。他對此沒有任何問題,基本上是事實。他似乎對我們如何將兩個小片段組合在一起的確切機制並不感興趣。

關於這一點的一件好事是,我告訴他無論他在哪裡,他似乎總是喜歡裡面一些木乃伊和一些爸爸。

+1-不錯的答案,正確但可以理解。
I wrestled a bear once.
2017-06-29 16:41:54 UTC
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我相信誠實是很重要的,但是在那個年齡,如果您的孩子相信聖誕老人或複活節兔子,那為什麼不對懷孕的事實稍加捏造。

從3歲開始直到幼兒園,我的女兒認為她曾經是動物園裡的猴子,直到媽媽偷走了她並將其變成嬰兒..或類似的東西。在她開始上學之前,我確保在YouTube上找到一個簡單的視頻,旨在回答幼兒的問題,然後我和她一起觀看並回答了她的問題。

我在YouTube上發現了許多有助於解釋各種難題的幫助。只需確保在向孩子展示之前一直觀看它,否則可能會使Rick翻滾,這確實會使您的女兒感到困惑。

NanningYouth
2017-06-29 19:37:58 UTC
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在中國,人們傾向於避開這種話題,因為它過於敏感或令人尷尬。父母告訴很多孩子,他們是電話公司充值卡時贈送的禮物。在您的情況下,孩子很小的時候,即使您付出很大的努力也無法完全理解事實。他們。最好讓他分散其他有趣的事情。

這種方法的優點或缺點是什麼?有沒有年齡合適的方法來討論4歲兒童的人類發展?
就像這樣,並不是每個人都可以理解愛因斯坦相對論的100%。甚至在您以適當的方式進行討論之後,您期望四歲的孩子從這種討論中知道什麼有用的東西嗎?暫時無法清除的細化層最好留給將來更好的時間。
愛因斯坦曾經說過:“如果您不能簡單地解釋它,那麼您將無法理解它。”如果您理解了相對論,就很容易向孩子解釋。性甚至更容易解釋。這個問題與適當的問題有關,而不與簡單的事情有關。
孔子還說,如果你是一個足夠好的老師,就不應該對學生進行分類。是的,在理想情況下,一切皆有可能。一個人很了解嬰兒的出生方式,但是他不能自己生嬰兒,因為他沒有為此目的而擁有器官。一個沒有充分理解能力的小孩子,不應指望了解性等事物。而且也沒有必要告訴他。
另一個因素是成本。是的,愛因斯坦終於可以找到一種簡單的方法來告訴那個不太聰明的男人或孩子復雜的理論,但是這樣做的成本是多少?您是否期望他以科學家的身份做其他重要的事情?就兒童教育而言,情況是相同的。一個很小的孩子不需要對性有太多或完全的了解。他的好奇心可以由他容易理解的其他事情來滿足,而又不會給他的父母造成太多的尷尬和其他不必要的代價。
Thorsten S.
2017-07-01 07:01:49 UTC
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您在這裡看到的所有內容都由極小的部分組成。這些部分被稱為“原子”,世界上每一種獨特的物質都由一種稱為“分子”的特定形式的原子組成。

這些部分在地球上存在了很長時間,並且不會消失:它們被反複使用和​​重用。如果您看到事物在大火中消失,那麼實際上您會看不見它們正在向空中移動。
目前您體內的分子曾經屬於恐龍,植物,水母,蝙蝠,鳥類或任何種類的生物。

如您所見,我們可以將其他東西組裝在一起。我們可以用水,小麥,雞蛋,牛奶和糖製成蛋糕。我們可以用金屬和塑料製造手機。因此,可以製造和組裝與原始材料明顯不同的物品。

重要的是,如果某些事情沒有完成,則不可能再做一件特定的事情。假設您最喜歡的棒球隊訪問了您的城鎮;如果生病了,您可能會非常失望,因為它們可能再也不會出現。

生活很奇怪,因為我們人類和其他生物都能夠繁殖自己:分子可以建立在非常特殊的環境中這樣他們就可以像工具一樣組裝其他分子。難以置信,但卻是事實。我們非常確定,啞物質和聰明的人類中的分子幾乎相同,但是為什麼分子有可能建立自己的副本,以及為什麼看起來啞的分子能夠使意識和思維成為一個尚未解決的問題。我們只是不知道。

雞蛋是生物的非常特殊的部分,它確切地包含能夠組裝其他分子的這種分子形式。它們被稱為精子細胞,它們不包含嬰兒,僅是記憶您媽媽的創建方式。這種記憶本身不足以產生新的嬰兒。

只有當您的父母在適當的時候愛自己時,您才開始存在。然後,您父親的精子本身就包含瞭如何創建父親的記憶,這些精子與您母親的卵子融合在一起,它們共享記憶,最終使分子形式開始建立您的記憶。媽媽的肚子是必要的,可以給他們提供養育嬰兒所需的營養。

鑑於您是由父母雙方共同創造的,因此您相似但又不同。令人著迷的是,只有您父母的決定才能開始一切,而沒有那件事(就像前面提到的棒球隊),沒有您,世界將會繼續。更奇怪的是,您和所有其他生物都是絕對獨特的,在地球上永遠不會再有像您這樣的人,也不會再有像您之前存在的人。甚至雙胞胎也不一樣。

Count Iblis
2017-07-02 04:48:01 UTC
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This is question that is difficult to deal with for adults as well. The physical facts about birth are not going to address the issue of "where we came from" in a satisfactory way, because you're left with the notion that you didn't exist, which is a difficult notion to deal with. Far enough in the future we won't exist either because we'll die, many adults cling to religion to deal with that. It are these issues which motivates pondering these questions, not the technical details about some biological facts about pregnancy, especially for a four-year-old.

So, besides talking about the biological facts, it's also useful to explain that not all questions are 100% settled. It's a useful thing to know at an early age that there are things out there that are so hard to understand that even adults have not understood it properly yet. This can make learning about such subjects a lot more interesting.

Now, it may not be clear that there can be something non-trivial about this particular question asked by the four-year-old. You may think that in the end the broad picture of where we came from will be the same anyway. So, let me give an alternative perspective that may not be correct but it's consistent with current knowledge. This is however a bit too complicated to explain to a four-year-old.

My starting point is that we are just biological machines, our minds are algorithms run by our brains. From the perspective of an algorithm that is processing a finite amount of information, the external world can be in any state that's consistent with that information (but not all these states will be equally likely). Then another assumption I'm going to make is the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics which leads to the conclusion:

In layman's terms, the hypothesis states there is a very large—perhaps infinite[2]—number of universes, and everything that could possibly have happened in our past, but did not, has occurred in the past of some other universe or universes.

Then whenever you learn a new fact, that fact was not settled before you learned it (unless the alternative is inconsistent with your existence). If e.g. humans including you could have evolved without there ever having existed dinosaurs, then the moment you learned about dinosaurs you split off from a copy who learns something else about the geological history of the (copy of the) Earth.

Within this framework the answer to the question will be totally different. When going back in time when you had less information stored in your brain, you are going to merge with former copies who had split off previously due to learning different things about their world. When you were born you wouldn't know which century you lived in, it would take some time before you would see a car. Information about such basic facts would have entered your brain quite some time later. Therefore you were not even located in a definite place where these facts were settled, if you consider locations in the multiverse where these facts were settled and picture you as a baby in these places, then you would be identical in the different places where the facts were different, in the sense that your mind is the same in the different places.

So, I've to picture me as a newborn baby as being everywhere that's consistent with the knowledge I had back then. So, the very same person I was back then, was also born on many different dates in many different places ranging from prehistoric times to far into the future of different copies of the Earth. In fact, you can take two different persons, say Julius Cesar and Albert Einstein and argue that they were in fact the same person when they were young enough (which then may include being an embryo), because if you go back far enough in time you'll erase arbitrary much of the brain content.

This means that I cannot say that I was in the womb of specifically my mother, because the difference between me and my mother gradually fades away the farther I go back in time. My mother, me and everyone/everything else existed as the same creature in a place that gradually became more and more well defined (e.g. as an egg or a womb). At some point I would have diverged as a different person from my mother and father, but it's hard to say exactly when.



該問答將自動從英語翻譯而來。原始內容可在stackexchange上找到,我們感謝它分發的cc by-sa 3.0許可。
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